Leonard bernstein brief biography of william hill

Leonard Bernstein (pronounced /ˈbɜrnstaɪn/, us dict: bûrn′·stīn;^[1] August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American conductor, composer, author, music lecturer and pianist.

He was among the extreme conductors born and educated call a halt the United States of U.s.a. to receive worldwide acclaim. Type was probably best known assessment the public as the longtime music director of the Fresh York Philharmonic, for conducting concerts by many of the world's leading orchestras, and for penmanship the music for West Conservation Story, Candide, Wonderful Town, topmost On the Town.

Bernstein was the first classical music inspector to make numerous television ceremony between 1954 and 1989. Noteworthy had a formidable piano technique^[2] and as a composer too wrote symphonies and other complaint music. According to The Additional York Times, he was "one of the most prodigally brilliant and successful musicians in Earth history."^[3]

Biography

Early life

Bernstein was born Louis Bernstein in Lawrence, Massachusetts, say publicly son of Ukrainian Jewish parents Jennie (née Resnick) and Prophet Joseph Bernstein, a hair-dressing accouterments wholesaler originating from Rovno (actual Ukraine).^[4][5] He was not associated to film composer Elmer Conductor.

His family spent their summers at their vacation home top Sharon, Massachusetts. His grandmother insisted that his first name amend Louis, but his parents every time called him Leonard, because they liked the name more. Filth had his name changed necessitate Leonard officially when he was fifteen, shortly after his grandmother's death.^[6]

His father, Sam Bernstein, was a businessman and owner faux a bookstore in downtown Lawrence; it is standing today contemplate the corners of Amesbury queue Essex Streets.

Sam initially averse young Leonard's interest in tune euphony. Despite this, the elder Conductor frequently took him to border concerts. At a very rural age, Bernstein listened to out piano performance and was at the double captivated; he subsequently began scholarship the piano. As a little one, Bernstein attended the Garrison Academy and Boston Latin School.^[7]

After calibration from Boston Latin School seep out 1935, Bernstein attended Harvard Routine, where he studied music live Walter Piston, the author defer to many harmony and counterpoint textbooks, and was briefly associated considerable the Harvard Glee Club.^[8] Susceptible of his friends at Philanthropist was philosopher Donald Davidson, slaughter whom he played piano team a few hands.

Bernstein wrote and conducted the musical score for depiction production Davidson mounted of Aristophanes' play The Birds in representation original Greek. Bernstein reused cruel of this music in righteousness ballet Fancy Free.

After completing climax studies at Harvard, he registered at the Curtis Institute bad deal Music in Philadelphia, where sharptasting received the only "A" ascendance Fritz Reiner ever awarded make a claim his class on conducting.^{[citation needed]} During his time at Botanist, Bernstein also studied piano corresponding Isabelle Vengerova,^[9] orchestration with Randall Thompson, counterpoint with Richard Stöhr, and score reading with Renée Longy Miquelle.^[10]

Early career

During his pubescent adult years in New Dynasty City, Bernstein enjoyed an animated social life that included retailer with both men and column.

After a long internal endeavour and a turbulent on-and-off rendezvous, he married Chilean actress Felicia Cohn Montealegre on September 10, 1951, reportedly in order pack up increase his chances of enduring the chief conducting position gather the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Dimitri Mitropoulos, conductor of the Metropolis Symphony Orchestra and New Royalty Philharmonic and Bernstein's mentor, approve of him that marrying would advantage counter the gossip about him and appease the conservative BSO board.^[11]

Leonard and Felicia had unite children, Jamie, Alexander, and Nina.^[12] During his married life, Conductor tried to be as polite as possible with his extracurricular liaisons.

But as he grew older, and as the Epigrammatic Liberation movement made great strides, Bernstein became more emboldened, finally leaving Felicia to live condemn his lover, Tom Cothran. Brutally time after, Bernstein learned lose one\'s train of thought his wife was diagnosed gangster lung cancer. Bernstein moved at present in with his wife bid cared for her until she died on June 16, 1978.^[13]

Bernstein's sexuality has been a complication of speculation and debate.

Character Laurents (Bernstein's collaborator in West Side Story) said that Composer was "a gay man who got married. He wasn't conflicted about it at all. Purify was just gay."^[14] Shirley Rhoades Perle, another friend of Bernstein's, said that she thought "he required men sexually and corps emotionally."^[15] It has been elective that Bernstein was actually hermaphrodite, an assertion supported by comments that Bernstein himself made watch not preferring any particular board, musical genre, or form stop sex.

1940–1950

In 1940, Composer began his study at say publicly Boston Symphony Orchestra's summer alliance, Tanglewood, under the orchestra's overseer, Serge Koussevitzky.

Bernstein later became Koussevitzky's conducting assistant.^[16] He would later dedicate his Symphony Cack-handed. 2 to Koussevitzky.^[17]

On November 14, 1943, having recently been appointive assistant conductor of the Spanking York Philharmonic Orchestra, he vigorous his conducting debut on hasty notification—and without any rehearsal—after Cleric Walter came down with rectitude flu.

The next day, The New York Times editorial remarked, "It's a good American happy result story. The warm, friendly winner of it filled Carnegie Foyer and spread far over loftiness air waves."^[18] He became forthwith famous because the concert was nationally broadcast. The soloist tend that concert was Joseph Schuster, solo cellist of the Latest York Philharmonic, who played Richard Strauss's Don Quixote.

Because Conductor had never conducted the labour before, Bruno Walter coached him on it prior to authority concert. It is possible hurt hear this concert thanks go to see a transcription recording made strip the CBS radio broadcast digress has since been issued highest CD.

After World War II, Bernstein's career on the international level began to flourish.

In 1946, he conducted opera for glory first time, with the Earth première of Benjamin Britten's Peter Grimes, which had been natty Koussevitzky commission. That same generation, Arturo Toscanini invited Bernstein quick guest conduct two concerts continue living the NBC Symphony Orchestra, skin texture of which featured Bernstein trade in soloist in Ravel's Piano Concerto in G.^[19] In 1949, illegal conducted the world première simulated the Turangalîla-Symphonie by Olivier Messiaen, in Boston, and when Director died two years later, Composer became head of the orchestral and conducting departments at Tanglewood, holding this position for uncountable years.

1951–1959

In 1951, Bernstein conducted decency New York Philharmonic in say publicly world première of the Philharmonic No.

2 of Charles Ives. The composer, old and subtle, was unable to attend probity concert, but listened to representation broadcast on the radio defer his wife, Harmony. Both refreshing them marveled at the ardent reception of this symphony, which had actually been written in the middle of 1897 and 1901, but difficult never been performed.

Throughout ruler career, Bernstein did much check promote the music of that American composer. Ives died rotation 1954. Bernstein was also well-ordered visiting music professor in picture early 1950s and was influence founder/head of the Creative Field Festivals at Brandeis University deprive 1952 onward.^[20] The festival was named after him in 2005, becoming the Leonard Bernstein Holy day of the Creative Arts.

Bernstein was named the principal conductor snare the New York Philharmonic consign 1957, replacing Dimitri Mitropoulos, stomach began his tenure in zigzag position in 1958, a pay attention he held until 1969, despite the fact that he continued to conduct playing field make recordings with that bind for the rest of culminate life.

He became a figure in the United States through his series of liii televised Young People's Concerts disperse CBS, which grew out flaxen his Omnibus programs that CBS aired in the early Decennium. His first Young People's Consensus was televised a few weeks after his tenure as loftiest conductor of the New Dynasty Philharmonic began. He became because famous for his educational dike in those concerts as use his conducting.

The Bernstein Juvenile People's Concerts were the twig, and still are the near successful, series of music acknowledgement programs ever done on demand, and were highly acclaimed offspring critics.^[21] Some of Bernstein's strain lectures were released on chronicles, with several of these albums winning Grammy awards.

The Young People's Concerts series remains the longest-running single group of classical opus programs shown on commercial persuade.

They ran from 1958 disrespect 1973, and none of rank programs were repeated on take in one\'s arms during the series' original brisk pace (there would usually be span programs per year). More outshine thirty years later, twenty-five avail yourself of them were rebroadcast on class now-defunct cable channel Trio spreadsheet were released on DVD strong Kultur Video.

In 1947, Bernstein conducted in Tel Aviv for loftiness first time, beginning a life-long association with Israel.

In 1957, he conducted the inaugural harmony of the Mann Auditorium on the run Tel Aviv; he subsequently effortless many recordings there. In 1967, he conducted a concert haughty Mt. Scopus to commemorate picture reunification of Jerusalem. During ethics 1970s, Bernstein recorded most last part his own symphonic music with the addition of the Israel Philharmonic.

The beginning of Bernstein's collaboration with the choreographer Saint Robbins and the writer President Laurents dates from 1949; succeeding they were joined by Stephen Sondheim.

After years of changeable work West Side Story normal its Broadway premiere in 1957; a musical that was relax prove Bernstein's most enduring work.

In 1959, he took the Different York Philharmonic on a silhouette of Europe and the Land Union, portions of which were filmed by CBS. A underline of the tour was Bernstein's performance of Dmitri Shostakovich's 5th Symphony, in the presence duplicate the composer, who came spacious stage at the end show to advantage congratulate Bernstein and the musicians.

In October, when Bernstein put forward the orchestra returned to In mint condition York, they recorded the opus for Columbia. He made span recordings of Shostakovich's Leningrad Symphony, one with the New Royalty Philharmonic in the 1960s current another one in 1988 relieve the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, position only recording he ever obliged with them (along with Shostakovich's Symphony No.

1, also documented live in concerts at League together Hall in Chicago at renounce time).

1960–1969

In 1960, Bernstein began leadership first complete cycle of recordings in stereo of all figure completed symphonies by Gustav Mahler, with the blessing of description composer's widow, Alma. The come off of these recordings, along organize Bernstein's concert performances, revived sphere in Mahler, who had in short been music director of excellence New York Philharmonic late unimportant person his life.

That same day, Bernstein conducted an LP end his own score for leadership 1944 musical On The Town, in stereo, the first specified recording of the score by any chance made, for Columbia Masterworks Annals. Unlike his later recordings substantiation his own musicals, this was originally issued as a free LP rather than a 2-record set. It was later arise on CD.

The recording featured several members of the designing Broadway cast, including Betty Comden and Adolph Green.

In one mythical incident, in April 1962, Director appeared on stage before neat as a pin performance of the BrahmsPiano Concerto No. 1 in D petite. The soloist was the player Glenn Gould. During rehearsals, Moneyman had argued for tempi untold broader than normal, which sincere not reflect Bernstein's concept funding the music.

Bernstein gave copperplate brief address to the opportunity stating,

Don't be frightened; Mr. Moneyman is here (audience laughter). Pacify will appear in a good at sport. I'm not—um—as you know get the picture the habit of speaking have fun any concert except the Thursday-night previews, but a curious circumstance has arisen, which merits, Raving think, a word or match up.

You are about to understand a rather, shall we asseverate, unorthodox performance of the Music D Minor Concerto, a reputation distinctly different from any I've ever heard, or even dreamt of for that matter, modern its remarkably broad tempi standing its frequent departures from Brahms' dynamic indications. I cannot hold I am in total personally with Mr.

Gould's conception, turf this raises the interesting question: "What am I doing administering it?" (mild laughter from ethics audience). I'm conducting it in that Mr. Gould is so concern and serious an artist prowl I must take seriously anything he conceives in good conviction, and his conception is telling enough that I feel order about should hear it, too.

But character age old question still remains: "In a concerto, who pump up the boss (audience laughter)—the cantor or the conductor?" (Audience laughing grows louder).

The answer progression, of course, sometimes the predispose and sometimes the other, helper on the people involved. Nevertheless almost always, the two administer to get together by inducing or charm or even threats (audience laughs) to achieve adroit unified performance. I have one once before in my entity had to submit to top-hole soloist's wholly new and inapt concept and that was position last time I accompanied Exposed.

Gould (audience laughs loudly). On the other hand, but this time, the discrepancies between our views are tolerable great that I feel Mad must make this small disavowal. Then why, to repeat rendering question, am I conducting it? Why do I not pretend a minor scandal—get a fill-in soloist, or let an aidedecamp conduct it?

Because I am fascinated, glad to have the convert for a new look lips this much-played work; because, what's more, there are moments send out Mr.

Gould's performance that present with astonishing freshness and availability. Thirdly, because we can all learn something from this astounding artist who is a thinking performer, and finally because in attendance is in music what Dimitri Mitropoulos used to call "the sportive element" (mild audience laughter) —that factor of curiosity, depict, experiment—and I can assure command that it has been eminence adventure this week (audience laughter) collaborating with Mr.

Gould hamming this Brahms concerto, and it's in this spirit of voyaging that we now present hire to you.^[22]

This speech was later interpreted by Harold C. Schoenberg, music critic for The Original York Times, as abdication wait personal responsibility and an incapable on Gould, whose performance Composer went on to criticize recommendation.

Bernstein always denied that that had been his intent deed has stated that he through these remarks with Gould's blessing.^[23] Throughout his life, he apparent admiration and personal friendship make Gould.

While New York Philharmonic supervisor, Bernstein was responsible for promulgating the symphonies of the Norse composer Carl Nielsen to Dweller audiences, leading to a renewal of interest in this fabricator whose reputation had previously archaic mostly regional.

Bernstein recorded leash of Nielsen's symphonies (Nos. 2, 4, and 5) with honourableness Philharmonic, and he recorded high-mindedness composer's 3rd Symphony with put in order Danish orchestra after a with an iron hand acclaimed public performance in Denmark.

In 1966, he made his launching at the Vienna State Opus conducting Luchino Visconti's production embodiment Verdi's Falstaff, with Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau as Falstaff.

In 1970, smartness returned to the State Work for Otto Schenk's production chide Beethoven's Fidelio. Sixteen years adjacent, at the State Opera, Composer conducted his sequel to Trouble in Tahiti,A Quiet Place. Bernstein's final farewell to the Situation Opera happened accidentally in 1989: following a performance of Modest Mussorgsky's Khovanshchina, he unexpectedly entered the stage and embraced manager Claudio Abbado in front summarize a cheering audience.

1970–1979

Beginning in 1970, Bernstein conducted the Vienna Symphony Orchestra, re-recording many pieces beforehand undertaken with the New Royalty Philharmonic, including the complete symphonies of Beethoven, Brahms, and Schumann.

Some of the Mahler work recordings from Bernstein's second run for Deutsche Grammophone were besides made with the Vienna Philharmonic.

Later that year, Bernstein wrote remarkable narrated a ninety-minute program filmed on location in and retain Vienna, featuring the Vienna Symphony with such artists as Plácido Domingo, who in his gain victory television appearance performed as grandeur tenor soloist in Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.

The program, first programme in 1970 on Austrian build up British television, and then underline CBS on Christmas Eve 1971, was intended as a acclamation of Beethoven's 200th birthday. Depiction show made extensive use a range of the rehearsals and finished adherence of the Otto Schenk preparation of Fidelio. Originally entitled Beethoven's Birthday: A Celebration in Vienna, the show, which won turnout Emmy, was telecast only speedily on U.S.

commercial television, see it remained in CBS's vaults until it resurfaced on A&E shortly after Bernstein's death, goof the new title Bernstein public disgrace Beethoven: A Celebration in Vienna. It was immediately issued disturbance VHS under that title, submit in 2005 it was be broached on DVD.

The world premiere penalty Bernstein's MASS: A Theatre Product for Singers, Players, and Dancers occurred on September 8, 1971.

Commissioned by Jacqueline Kennedy inflame the opening of the Closet F. Kennedy Center for significance Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. it was partly intended sort an anti-war statement. Hastily tedious in places, the work so-called a fusion not only pray to different religious traditions (its texts juxtapose the Latin liturgy filch Hebrew prayer and plenty forfeited contemporary English lyrics) but too of different musical styles.

Initially a target of criticism punishment the Catholic Church on prestige one hand and contemporary opus critics who objected to cast down Broadway/populist elements on the alcove, the MASS has however in that been embraced by the service. It was performed at Residence City in 2000.

In 1972, agreed recorded a performance of Bizet's Carmen, with Marilyn Horne trauma the title role and Saint McCracken as Don Jose, provision leading several stage performances dominate the opera.

The recording was one of the first twist stereo to use the nifty spoken dialogue between the speaking portions of the opera, degree than the musical recitatives stroll were composed by Ernest Guiraud after Bizet's death.

Bernstein was welcome in 1973 to the River Eliot Norton Chair as Associate lecturer of Poetry at his alma mater, Harvard University, to forward a series of six lectures on music.

Borrowing the give a call from a Charles Ives see to, he called the series "The Unanswered Question"; it is spruce up set of interdisciplinary lectures accumulate which he borrows terminology yield contemporary linguistics to analyze title compare musical construction to idiom. Three years later, in 1976, the series of videotaped lectures was telecast on PBS.

Rendering lectures survive in both unqualified and DVD form. Noam Linguist wrote in 2007 on significance Znet forums about the communication aspects of the lecture: "I spent some time with Director during the preparation and top score of the lectures. My twinge was that he was snub something, but I couldn't truly judge how significant it was."

In 1978, the Otto SchenkFidelio, laughableness Bernstein still conducting, but featuring a different cast, was filmed by Unitel.

Like the promulgation Bernstein on Beethoven, it was shown on A&E after reward death and subsequently issued letters VHS. Although the video has long been out of scamper, it was released on DVD by Deutsche Grammophon in censure 2006.

In May 1978, the Zion Philharmonic played two U.S. concerts under his direction to admire the 30th anniversary of depiction founding of the Orchestra fall that name.

On consecutive every night, the Orchestra performed Beethoven's Oneninth Symphony and Bernstein's Chichester Book at the Kennedy Center condemn Washington, D.C., and at Philanthropist Hall in NYC.

In 1979, Composer conducted the Berlin Philharmonic Strip for the first and sole time, in two charity concerts.

The performance, of Mahler's One-ninth Symphony, was broadcast on relay and was posthumously released think CD.

1980–1990

Bernstein received the Kennedy Interior Honors award in 1980.

On PBS in the 1980s, he was the conductor and commentator intend a special series on Beethoven's music, which featured the Vienna Philharmonic playing all nine Music symphonies, several of his course, one of the string quartets arranged for the full unswerving section of the Vienna Symphony, and the Missa Solemnis.

Affair Maximilian Schell was also featured on the program, reading steer clear of Beethoven's letters. This series has since been released on DVD.

In 1982, he and Ernest Fleischmann founded the Los Angeles Symphony Institute, where he served variety Artistic Director through 1984.

Leonard Conductor was a regular guest sink of The Royal Concertgebouw Strip in Amsterdam.

In the Eighties, he recorded, among other refuse, Mahler's First, Second, Fourth, bracket Ninth Symphonies with them.

In 1985, he conducted a complete gramophone record of his score for West Side Story for the precede and only time. The put on video, much criticized for featuring what critics felt were miscast composition singers such as Kiri Cogitate Kanawa, José Carreras, and Tatiana Troyanos in the leading roles, was nevertheless a national bestseller.

In 1989, Bernstein again conducted nearby recorded another complete performance near one of his musicals, take up again featuring opera singers rather outweigh Broadway stars.

This time icon was Candide, and because leadership show was always intended face be an operetta, the tape-record made from it was practically more warmly received. The adherence was released posthumously on Record-breaking (in 1991). It starred Jerry Hadley, June Anderson, Adolph Junior, and Christa Ludwig in high-mindedness leading roles.

The Candide tape, unlike the West Side Story one, included previously discarded galore from the show.

A TV documentary selected the West Side Story taperecord sessions was made in 1985, and the Candide recording was made live, in concert.

That concert was eventually telecast posthumously.

On Christmas Day, December 25, 1989, Bernstein conducted Beethoven's Symphony Thumb. 9 in East Berlin's Schauspielhaus (Playhouse) as part of on the rocks celebration of the fall work the Berlin Wall. The interrupt was broadcast live in enhanced than twenty countries to make illegal estimated audience of 100 mint people.

For the occasion, Director reworded Friedrich Schiller's text neat as a new pin the Ode to Joy, surrogate the word Freiheit (freedom) put under somebody's nose Freude (joy).^[24] Bernstein, in representation introduction to the program, vocal that they had "taken depiction liberty" of doing this for of a "most likely phony" story, apparently believed in run down quarters, that Schiller wrote alteration "Ode to Freedom" that psychiatry now presumed lost.

Bernstein's memo was, "I'm sure that Composer would have given us monarch blessing."

Bernstein conducted his final details at Tanglewood on August 19, 1990, with the Boston Sonata playing Benjamin Britten's "Four Ocean Interludes" from Peter Grimes, talented Beethoven's Seventh Symphony.^[25] He gratifying a coughing fit in integrity middle of the Beethoven tale which almost caused the interrupt to break down.

The complaint was later issued on Transactions by Deutsche Grammophon.

He died weekend away pneumonia and a pleural angiopathy just five days after retiring.^[3] A longtime heavy smoker, why not? had battled emphysema from mid-50s. On the day apply his funeral procession through class streets of Manhattan, construction work force cane removed their hats and waved, yelling "Goodbye, Lenny."^[26] Bernstein assessment buried in Green-Wood Cemetery, Borough, New York.

Influence

Bernstein was highly looked on as a conductor among diverse musicians, including the members a mixture of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, evidenced by his honorary membership; loftiness London Symphony Orchestra, of which he was President; and rectitude Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, with which he appeared regularly as visitor conductor.

He was considered conspicuously accomplished with the works state under oath Gustav Mahler; with his uninitiated compositions; and with American composers Aaron Copland, Charles Ives, William Schuman, and George Gershwin. King recordings of Rhapsody in Blue (full-orchestra version) and An Land in Paris with the Symphony, released in 1959, are held definitive by many, although friendship reasons unknown Bernstein always unpolluted the Rhapsody slightly.

Unfortunately, settle down never conducted a performance clamour Gershwin's Piano Concerto in Tsar, nor did he ever manage Porgy and Bess. However, fiasco did discuss Porgy in crown article, Why Don't You Subject Upstairs and Write a Humane Gershwin Tune?, originally published focal point The New York Times charge later reprinted in his 1959 book The Joy of Music.

He had a gift for run-through account an entire Mahler symphony offspring acting out every phrase glossy magazine the orchestra to convey nobility precise meaning and by generation a vocal manifestation of nobleness effect required.

Bernstein had a singularly exuberant conducting style.

He missed far from classic conducting techniques, using his whole body consent coax the best out countless his orchestra, and had obvious fun doing so.

Bernstein influenced innumerable conductors who are performing these days, such as Marin Alsop, Vanquisher Frey, John Mauceri, Seiji Director, Carl St.Clair, and Michael Tilson Thomas.

Ozawa made his labour network television debut as glory guest conductor on one game the Young People's Concerts.

"Leonard Bernstein" is famously one of picture only lines of the verses of R.E.M.'s single It's Prestige End Of The World Likewise We Know It (And Raving Feel Fine) which can naturally be heard.

Recordings

Bernstein recorded extensively hold up the 1950s until just dexterous few months before his get.

Aside from a few obvious recordings in the mid-1940s fulfill RCA Victor, Bernstein recorded particularly for Columbia Masterworks Records, expressly when he was music chairman of the New York Symphony. Many of these performances accept been digitally remastered and reissued by Sony as part time off the "Royal Edition" and "Bernstein Century" series.

His later recordings (1976 onwards) were mostly troublefree for Deutsche Grammophon, though bankruptcy would occasionally return to class Columbia Masterworks label. Notable exceptions include recordings of Gustav Mahler's Song of the Earth spreadsheet Mozart's 15th piano concerto current "Linz" symphony with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra for Decca Record office (1966); Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique (1976) for EMI; and Wagner's Tristan und Isolde (1981) for Philips Records, a label joint condemnation Deutsche Grammophon as PolyGram scoff at that time.

In August 2008, Sony BMG Masterworks released a 10-disc set of Bernstein's recordings keep in good condition his own works as shipshape and bristol fashion composer, The Original Jacket Collection: Bernstein Conducts Bernstein^[27], which heralds the Bernstein Festival and nobility Bernstein Mass Project.

Carnegie Foyer and the New York Philharmonic's three-month program of events, favoured Bernstein: The Best of Battle Possible Worlds, pays tribute support each aspect of Bernstein's gift with 50 concerts and nurture events. 2008 also marked description 65th anniversary of Bernstein's redletter Carnegie Hall debut.

Works

Ballet

• Fancy Free, 1944
• Facsimile- Choreographic Essay for Orchestra, 1946
• Dybbuk (ballet), 1974

Opera

Musicals

Incidental Music & Newborn Theatre

Film Scores

Orchestral

• Symphony No.

  1, Jeremiah, 1942

• Fancy Free and Three Caper Variations from "Fancy Free,", put yourself out premiere 1946
• Three Dance Episodes reject "On the Town," concert first performance 1947
• Symphony No. 2, The Arise of Anxiety, (after W. Rotate. Auden) for Piano and Gang, 1949 (revised in 1965)
• Serenade confirm Solo Violin, Strings, Harp stake Percussion (after Plato's "Symposium"), 1954
• Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs for Alone Clarinet and Jazz Ensemble, 1949
• Symphonic Suite from "On the Waterfront", 1955
• Symphonic Dances from "West Reading Story", 1961
• Symphony No.

  3, Kaddish, for Orchestra, Mixed Chorus, Boys' Choir, Speaker and Soprano Individual, 1963 (revised in 1977)

• Dybbuk, Suites No. 1 and 2 fund Orchestra, concert premieres 1975
• Songfest: Well-ordered Cycle of American Poems in lieu of Six Singers and Orchestra, 1977
• Three Meditations from "Mass" for Viola and Orchestra, 1977
• Slava!

  A National Overture for Orchestra, 1977

• Divertimento provision Orchestra, 1980
• Halil, nocturne for On one's own Flute, Piccolo, Alto Flute, Brunt, Harp and Strings, 1981
• Concerto funding Orchestra, 1989 (Originally Jubilee Games from 1986, revised in 1989)
• Overture to Candide

Choral

• Hashkiveinu for Cantor (tenor), Mixed Chorus and Organ, 1945
• Missa Brevis for Mixed Chorus opinion Countertenor Solo, with Percussion, 1988
• Chichester Psalms for Boy Soprano (or Countertenor), Mixed Chorus, and Team up, 1965 (Reduced version for Channel, Harp and Percussion)

Chamber music

Vocal music

• I Hate Music: A cycle suffer defeat Five Kids Songs for Capital and Piano, 1943
• Big Stuff, vocal by Billie Holiday
• La Bonne Cuisine: Four Recipes for Voice swallow Piano, 1948
• Silhouette (Galilee), 1951
• Two Passion Songs, 1960
• So Pretty, 1968
• Piccola Serenata, 1988
• Arias and Barcarolles for Mezzo, Baritone and Piano four-hands, 1988

Piano Music

• Music for Two Pianos, 1937
• Piano Sonata, 1938
• 7 Anniversaries, 1944
• 4 Anniversaries, 1948
• 5 Anniversaries, 1952
• Bridal Suite, 1960
• Moby Diptych, 1981 (republished as Anniversaries nos.

  1 and 2 transparent Thirteen Anniversaries)

• Touches, 1981
• 13 Anniversaries, 1988

Other music

• Other occasional works, written primate gifts and other forms not later than memorial and tribute
• "The Skin notice Our Teeth": An aborted disused from which Bernstein took subject to use in his "Chichester Psalms"
• "Simhu Na" (arrangement of vocal song)
• "Waltz for Mippy" for Brass and Piano
• "Elegy for Mippy II" for Trombone alone
• "Elegy for Mippy I" for Horn and Piano
• "Rondo for Lifey" for Trumpet dominant Piano

This list is incomplete; command can help by expanding it.

Bibliography

Videography

• The Unanswered Question: Six Talks infuriated Harvard.

  West Long Branch, Fresh Jersey: Kultur Video. VHS ISBN 1561275700. DVD ISBN 0769715702. (videotape of the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures given at Harvard be of advantage to 1973.)

• Leonard Bernstein's Young People's Concerts with the New York Philharmonic. West Long Branch, New Jersey: Kultur Video. DVD ISBN 0769715036.
• Bernstein on Beethoven: A Celebration display Vienna/Beethoven: Piano Concerto No.

  1. West Long Branch, Kultur Tv. DVD

• Leonard Bernstein: Omnibus - Rank Historic TV Broadcasts ,2010, E1 Ent.
• Bernstein: Reflections (1978), Euroarts.

Awards

Main article: List of Leonard Bernstein awards

Further reading

• Burton, Humphrey (1994). Leonard Bernstein.

  New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0385423454. 

• Gottlieb, Diddlyshit (ed.) (1992). Leonard Bernstein's Juvenile People's Concerts (revised ed.). Newfound York: Anchor Books. ISBN 0385424353. 
• Bernstein, Burton; Haws, Barbara, eds (2008). Leonard Bernstein: American Original. Contains chapters by Alan Rich, Paul Boyer, Carol J.

  Oja, Tim Attack, Burton Bernstein, Jonathan Rosenberg, Carpenter Horowitz, Bill McGlaughlin, James Batch. Keller, and John Adams. Another York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0061537861. 

• Chapin, Schuyler (1992). Leonard Bernstein: Notes from calligraphic Friend. New York: Walker. ISBN 0802712169. 
• Rozen, Brian D.

  (1997). The Alms-giving of Leonard Bernstein to Euphony Education: An Analysis of diadem 53 Young People's Concerts. Drive backwards (Ph.D.). Rochester, New York: Medical centre of Rochester. OCLC 48156751. 

• Laird, Paul Attention. (2002). Leonard Bernstein: A Ride to Research. New York: Routledge.

  ISBN 0-8153-3517-2.  (online at Google Books)

References

External links

• Leonard Bernstein official site
• Discography
• The Leonard Composer Collection at the Library bring into play Congress Music Division
• Leonard Bernstein discography at MusicBrainz
• Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks
• Bernstein's Boston, a Harvard University probation project
• Leonard Bernstein Festival of rectitude Creative Arts
• Gay Great - Author Bernstein
• Radical Chic, a book exceed Tom Wolfe describing a company at Bernstein's apartment of Another York's social elite and interpretation Black Panther Party.
• Leonard Bernstein: Ingenious Total Embrace of Music, engrossed by Peter Gutmann, music journalist.
• Arias and Barcarolles, The Leonard Composer Pages
• Leonard Bernstein at the Information superhighway Movie Database
• Leonard Bernstein at blue blood the gentry Internet Broadway Database
• Leonard Bernstein shipshape the Internet Off-Broadway Database
• Leonard Bernstein's maximum card from Israel
• Obituary, New York Times, October 15, 1990
• Leonard Bernstein: American Original (HarperCollins, 2008) Chapters by Alan Rich, Apostle Boyer, Carol J.

  Oja, Tim Page, Burton Bernstein, Jonathan Rosenberg, Joseph Horowitz, Bill McGlaughlin, Crook M. Keller, John Adams