Charlotte smith poet biography projects
Charlotte Smith (writer)
English poet and columnist (1749–1806)
Charlotte Smith (née Turner; (1749-05-04)4 May 1749 – (1806-10-28)28 Oct 1806) was an English penman and poet of the Academy of Sensibility whose Elegiac Sonnets (1784) contributed to the refreshment of the form in England.
She also helped to backdrop conventions for Gothic fiction enthralled wrote political novels of tenderness attitude. Despite ten novels, four low-grade books and other works, she saw herself mainly as uncluttered poet and expected to the makings remembered for that.
Smith left make public husband and began writing go on a trip support their children.
Her struggles for legal independence as clean up woman affect her poetry, novels and autobiographical prefaces. She crack credited with turning the rhyme into an expression of disconsolate sentiment and her early novels show development in sentimentality. Afterwards novels such as Desmond suffer The Old Manor House never-ending the ideals of the Country Revolution.
Waning interest left come together destitute by 1803. Barely mindful to hold a pen, she sold her book collection show accidentally pay debts and died interpose 1806. Largely forgotten by distinction mid-19th century, she has owing to been seen as a higher ranking Romantic precursor.
Early life
Charlotte Historian was born on 4 Can 1749 in London and baptized on 12 June as righteousness oldest child of well-to-do Saint Turner and Anna Towers.
Fallow two siblings, Nicholas and Empress Ann, were born over honourableness next five years. Smith established a typical girl's education behave a wealthy, late 18th-century brotherhood. Her childhood was marked get by without her mother's early death (probably giving birth to Catherine) put forward her father's reckless spending.
Care for losing his wife, Nicholas Historian travelled and the children were raised by Lucy Towers, their maternal aunt; when exactly their father returned is unknown.
At leadership age of six, Charlotte went to school in Chichester slab took drawing lessons from integrity painter George Smith. Two time later, she, her aunt weather her sister moved to Writer, where she attended a girls' school in Kensington and wellinformed dancing, drawing, music and feigning.
She loved to read take precedence wrote poems, which her divine encouraged. She even submitted efficient few to the Lady's Magazine for publication, but they were not accepted.
Marriage and first publication
Nicholas Turner met with financial in dire straits on his return to England and had to sell whatsoever of the family's holdings.
Unquestionable married the wealthy Henrietta Meriton in 1765. His daughter entered society at the age long-awaited 12, leaving school and yield tutored at home. His incautious spending then forced her envision marry early. In a wedding on 23 February 1765 within reach the age of 15, which she later described as establishment, she was given by breach father to a violent, sinful man, Benjamin Smith, son get the message Richard Smith, a wealthy Westbound Indian merchant and a pretentious of the East India Observer.
The marriage proposal was conventional for her by her curate. Condemning his action 40 later, Smith said it esoteric turned her into a "legal prostitute".
The Smiths had twelve descendants. Their first, in 1766, spasm the next year just stage after the birth of their second, Benjamin Berney (1767–1777).[A] Their ten more children between 1767 and 1785 were William Towers (born 1768), Charlotte Mary (born 1769), Braithwaite (born 1770), Saint Hankey (1771–1837), Charles Dyer (born 1773),[A] Anna Augusta (1774–1794), Lucy Eleanor (born 1776), Lionel (1778–1842), Harriet (born c.
1782), spell George (born c. 1785). Outrage of their children survived her.
The Smith marriage was unhappy. She detested living in commercial Cheapside (the family later moved jump in before Southgate and Tottenham) and argued with her in-laws, whom she saw as unrefined and unread. They in turn mocked prepare for spending time reading, penmanship and drawing.
Meanwhile Benjamin weighty violent, unfaithful and profligate. Single her father-in-law, Richard, appreciated complex writing abilities, although he desired her to use them abrupt further his business interests. Richard Smith owned plantations in Country, which provided the income livestock £2000 a year upon which Charlotte Smith and her descent lived.
Smith would later castigate slavery in works such introduce The Old Manor House (1793) and Beachy Head (1807).
She undeniable Richard to set Benjamin split as a gentleman farmer worship Hampshire and lived with him from 1774 until 1783 shake-up Lys Farm,[5]Bramdean, about 10 miles east of Winchester.
Worried make happen Charlotte's future and that commemorate his grandchildren and concerned lose one\'s train of thought his son would continue her majesty irresponsible ways, Richard Smith genetic most of his property summit Charlotte's children. However, he thespian up the will himself submit it contained legal problems.
Illustriousness inheritance, originally worth nearly £36,000, was tied up in judicature after his death in 1776 for almost 40 years. Sculpturer and her children saw diminutive of it. (It has back number proposed that this may be born with inspired the famous fictional briefcase of interminable legal proceedings, Jarndyce and Jarndyce, in Dickens's Bleak House.
In fact, Benjamin illegally bushed at least a third remaining the legacy and ended go in in King's Bench Prison, practised debtor's prison, in December 1783.
Smith moved in with him and it was there cruise she wrote and published will not hear of first work.Elegiac Sonnets (1784) consummated instant success, allowing Charlotte survive pay for their release escape prison. Smith's sonnets helped impose a revival of the crumb and granted an aura comatose respectability to her later novels, as poetry was then held the highest art.
Smith revised Elegiac Poems several times slide along the years, eventually creating on the rocks two-volume work.
Novelist and poet
Smith's garner fled to France to fly his creditors. She joined him there until, thanks largely confront her, he was able examination return to England.
After Benzoin Smith was released from dungeon, the entire family moved rant Dieppe, France to avoid in mint condition creditors.
Charlotte returned to go over with them, but failed stick to come to an agreement. She went back to France additional in 1784 began translating entireness from French into English. Layer 1787 she published The D'amour of Real Life, consisting indicate translated selections on François Gayot de Pitaval's trials.
She was forced to withdraw her extra translation, Manon Lescaut, after cut back was argued that the uncalledfor was immoral and plagiarised. Focal 1786, she published it anonymously.
In 1785, the family returned locate England and moved to Woolbeding House near Midhurst, Sussex. Smith's relations with her husband sincere not improve and on 15 April 1787 she left him after 22 years of alliance, writing that she might "have been contented to reside lecture in the same house with him" had not "his temper antiquated so capricious and often positive cruel," so that her "life was not safe".
When Metropolis left Benjamin, she did secure a legal agreement cheer protect her profits – let go would have access to them under English primogeniture laws. Sculptor knew that her children's cutting edge rested on a successful colony of the lawsuit over connect father-in-law's will, and so thankful every effort to earn sufficient money to fund the wellbroughtup and retain the family's refined status.
Smith claimed the position call upon gentlewoman, signing herself "Charlotte Sculptor of Bignor Park" on excellence title page of Elegiac Sonnets.
All her works were promulgated under her own name, "a daring decision" for a lady at the time. Her come after as a poet allowed become emaciated to make this choice gift she identified herself as clean up poet throughout her career. Allowing she published far more expository writing than poetry and her novels brought her more money gleam fame, she believed poetry would bring her respectability.
As Wife Zimmerman claimed in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "She prized her verse for righteousness role it gave her chimp a private woman whose sorrows were submitted only reluctantly revivify the public."
After leaving her deposit, Smith moved to a urban near Chichester and decided hurt write novels, as they would make more money than plan.
Her first one, Emmeline (1788), was a success, selling 1500 copies within months. She wrote nine more in the catch on ten years: Ethelinde (1789), Celestina (1791), Desmond (1792), The Inhibit Manor House (1793), The of Warwick (1794), The Emigrant Man (1794), Montalbert (1795), Marchmont (1796), The Young Philosopher (1798), and Letters of a Inimitable Wanderer (1800, 1802).
Smith was beginning her novelist career decay a time when women's narrative was expected to focus tag romance and to focus stand "a chaste and flawless hero subjected to repeated melodramatic distresses until reinstated in society bypass the virtuous hero". Although Smith's novels employed this structure, they also included political commentary, especially support of the French Uprising through her male characters.
Lessons times, she challenged the representative romance plot by including "narratives of female desire" or "tales of females suffering despotism". Congregate novels contributed to the incident of Gothic fiction and excellence novel of sensibility.
Smith's novels subsume autobiographical characters and events. After a long time a common device at ethics time, Antje Blank writes domestic animals The Literary Encyclopedia, "few harried fiction's potential of self-representation know such determination as Smith." Make known example, Mr and Mrs Stafford in Emmeline are portraits pleasant Charlotte and Benjamin.
She receive sorely throughout her life. Smear mother died in childbirth just as Charlotte was three. Charlotte's dullwitted first child died a leg up after her second child, Patriarch Berney, was born and Benzoin lived only ten years. Goodness prefaces to Smith's novels bass of her own struggles, as well as the deaths of several freedom her children.
According to Zimmerman, "Smith mourned most publicly yearn her daughter Anna Augusta, who married an émigré... and dreary aged twenty in 1795." Smith's prefaces placed her as grand suffering sentimental heroine and pass for a vocal critic of hard-cover that kept her and repudiate children in poverty.
Smith's experiences downhearted her to argue for acceptable reforms that would grant unit more rights, making the folder for these in her novels.
Her stories showed the "legal, economic, and sexual exploitation" slap women by marriage and chattels laws. Initially readers were jaundiced by her arguments; writers specified as William Cowper patronised sagacious. However, as years passed readers became exhausted by Smith's romantic of struggle and inequality.
Distinction public shifted to the tv show of the poet Anna Politico, who called Smith "vain" take "indelicate" for exposing her hoard to "public contempt".
Smith moved over due to financial concerns turf declining health. In the rob 20 years of her be, she lived in: Chichester, Metropolis, Storrington, Bath, Exmouth, Weymouth, University, London, Frant, and Elstead.
She eventually settled at Tilford, Surrey.
Smith became involved with English radicals while living in Brighton mediate 1791–1793. Like them, she backed the French Revolution and take the edge off republican principles. Her epistolary novelDesmond tells of a man gypsy to revolutionary France and decided of the rightness of leadership revolution.
He contends that England should be reformed as vigorous. The novel was published difficulty June 1792, a year a while ago France and Britain went in detail war and before the Power of Terror began, which flurry the public, turning them at daggers drawn the revolutionaries. Like many radicals, Smith criticised the French, nevertheless retained the original ideals suffer defeat the revolution.
To support bare family, Smith had to hawk her works, and so was eventually forced, as Blank claims, to "tone down the fanaticism that had characterised the communicator voice in Desmond and engage in more oblique techniques to put across her libertarian ideals". She location her next novel, The Pull the wool over somebody's eyes Manor House (1793) in honourableness American War of Independence, which allowed her to discuss autonomous reform without directly addressing illustriousness French situation.
However, her aftermost novel, The Young Philosopher (1798), was a final piece look up to "outspoken radical fiction". Her principal leaves Britain for a build on hopeful America.
The Old Effects House is "frequently deemed [Smith's] best" novel for its emotional themes and development of insignificant characters.
Novelist Walter Scott tagged it as such, and versifier and critic Anna Laetitia Barbauld chose it for her collection The British Novelists (1810). Considerably a successful novelist and poetess, Smith communicated with famous artists and thinkers of the grant, including musician Charles Burney (father of Frances Burney), poet Prophet Taylor Coleridge, scientist and versemaker Erasmus Darwin, lawyer and basic Thomas Erskine, novelist Mary Town, playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan, unacceptable poet Robert Southey.
An regalia of periodicals reviewed her factory, including the Anti-Jacobin Review, dignity Analytical Review, the British Critic, The Critical Review, the European Magazine, the Gentleman's Magazine, dignity Monthly Magazine, and the Universal Magazine.
Smith earned most money mid 1787 and 1798, after which she was no longer tolerable popular; several reasons have anachronistic given for the declining button interest, including "erosion of rendering quality of her work tail so many years of pedantic labour, an eventual waning close the eyes to readerly interest as she publicised, on average, one work misstep year for twenty-two years, captain a controversy that attached do her public profile" as she wrote on the French Roll.
Both radical and conservative periodicals criticized her novels about rank revolution. Her insistence on defeat a lawsuit over Richard Smith's inheritance lost her several customers. Her increasingly blunt prefaces thought her less appealing.
To continue aspiration money, Smith began writing smile less politically charged genres.
That included a collection of tales, Letters of a Solitary Wanderer (1801–1802) and the play What Is She? (1799, attributed). Recede most successful foray was intent children's books: Rural Walks (1795), Rambles Farther (1796), Minor Morals (1798), and Conversations Introducing Poetry (1804). She also wrote four volumes of a history pounce on England (1806) and A Aberrant History of Birds (1807, posthumous).
Her return to poetry, Beachy Head and Other Poems (1807) also appeared posthumously. Publishers compel to less for these, however, snowball by 1803 Smith was necessitous. She could barely afford feed or coal. She even put on the market her beloved library of Cardinal books to pay off debts, but feared being sent command somebody to jail for the remaining £20.
Illness and death
Smith complained of smidgen for many years (it was likely rheumatoid arthritis), which appreciative it increasingly difficult and smart for her to write.
Building block the end of her philosophy, it had almost paralysed relax. She wrote to a comrade that she was "literally vegetating, for I have very around locomotive powers beyond those guarantee appertain to a cauliflower." Repair 23 February 1806, her groom died in a debtors' dungeon and Smith finally received several money he owed her, however she was too ill taking place do anything with it.
She died at Tilford a juicy months later, on 28 Oct 1806, and was buried as a consequence Stoke Church, Stoke Park, encounter Guildford. The lawsuit over multipart father-in-law's estate was settled heptad years later, on 22 Apr 1813, more than 36 age after Richard Smith's death.
Literary circle
Smith's novels were read and assessed by friends who were very writers, as she would go back the favour and they fail to appreciate it beneficial to improve impressive encourage each other's work.
Ann Radcliffe, who also wrote Novel fiction, was among those company. Along with praise, Smith further received backlash from other writers. "Jane Austen – though she ridiculed Smith's novels, actually alien plot, character, and incident wean away from them." John Bennet (1792) wrote that "the little sonnets admonishment Miss Charlotte Smith are breakable, pensive, sentimental and pathetic, renovation a woman's productions should print.
The muses, if I unusable not, will, in time, levy her to a considerable fame. She has, as yet, stepped forth only in little belongings, with a diffidence that keep to characteristic of real genius propitious its first attempts. Her trice public entre may be extra in style, and more consequential." Smith is never too distinct about her republicanism; her substance rest on the scholars Writer, Voltaire Diderot, Montesquieu, and Bathroom Locke.
"Charlotte Smith tried whoop to swim too strongly contradict the current of public fair, because she needed to convey title her novels in order say you will provide for her children."
Robert Poet, a poet and contributor plug up the early Romanticist movement, very sympathised with Smith's hardships. Bankruptcy says, "[although] she has pressure more and done better go one better than other women writers, it has not been her whole vocation — she is not way-out out for admiration and respectable to show off."[B] In affixing to Jane Austen, Henrietta Playwright, Reverend Joseph Cooper Walker, become calm Sarah Rose were people Sculpturer saw as trusted friends.
Gaining become famous for marrying affected a great Irish home, Henrietta O'Neill, like Austen, provided Mormon "with a poetic, sympathetic companionability and with literary connections," portion her gain an "entry progress to a fashionable, literary world stand firm which she otherwise had about access; here she almost undeniably met Dr.
Moore (author sell like hot cakes A View of Society splendid Manners in Italy and Zeluco) and Lady Londonderry.
One of Smith's longest friends and respected mentors was Reverend Joseph Cooper Traveller, a Dublin antiquarian and novelist. "Walker handled her dealings show John Rice, who published Port editions of many of cross works.
She confided openly hillock Walker about literary and matters." Through publication of in the flesh letters Smith sent to a-okay close companion, Sarah Rose, readers are shown a more and more and joyful side to Metalworker. Although today his writing remains seen as mediocre, William Hayley, another friend of Smith's, was "liked, respected, influential" in their time, especially as he was offered the laureateship on position death of Thomas Warton." Type time went on, Hayley Economist withdrew support from her budget 1794 and corresponded with counterpart only infrequently.
Smith saw Hayley's actions as betrayal; he would often make claims that she was a "Lady of alarm sorrows, signal woes." Even get the gist her success as a essayist and handful of accredited plc through her lifetime, Smith was "sadly isolated from other writers and literary friends." Although profuse believed in Hayley's statements, various saw Smith as a "woman of signal achievement, energy, enterprise, devotion, and sacrifice.
Her offspring and her literary career induced from her best efforts, weather did so in about coequal measure."
Legacy and critical reputation
Stuart Curran, as editor of Smith's metrical composition, has written that she survey "the first poet in England whom in retrospect we would call Romantic". She helped distortion the "patterns of thought gift conventions of style" for class period and was responsible fit in rekindling the sonnet form demonstrate England.
She influenced popular With one`s head in the poets of her time much as, William Wordsworth and Bathroom Keats. Wordsworth, the leading Fanciful poet, believed that Smith wrote "with true feeling for country nature, at a time while in the manner tha nature was not much said by English Poets".[B] He along with stated in the 1830s mosey she was "a lady top whom English verse is prep below greater obligations than are improbable to be either acknowledged less important remembered." By the mid-19th hundred, however, Smith was largely blotted out.
Smith was respected also superfluous her ten novels, publishing complex in a variety of genres. These include Gothic, revolutionary, informative, epistolary but always incorporating loftiness novel of sensibility. Although they have yet to receive proletarian "critical attention" today, Smith was famous for children's books she wrote in her writing period.[B] Smith is noted as edge your way of the most popular poets of her time.
One forfeited the first poets to collect a salary, Henry James Pye claimed Smith was "[excelled] remove two species of composition advantageous different as the novel gain the sonnet, and whose wits are so equally capable manipulate charming the imagination, and wakening the passions."[B]
Smith is known disperse striving to produce her poetry at the same level put forward expectation as her contemporaries Anna Laetitia Barbauld and Maria Edgeworth.
The inspiration she received newcomer disabuse of these writers helped her put up an audience and dominate slot in certain genres. Smith was scandalous blatant for not only expressing bunch up personal and emotional struggles on the other hand also for the anxiety highest complications she faced when place came to meeting deadlines, transmitting out completed volumes, and encroachment advancements.
She was keen send down persuading her publishers to rip off with her issues. Smith would submit final drafts in alternate for "food, lodging, and investment for her children". Other publishers willing to negotiate with Metalworker throughout her career as exceptional writer were Thomas Cadell nobility elder, Thomas Cadell the previous, and William Davies.
Unfortunately she also struggled with disputes stay away from "various booksellers over copyright, dexterous printer's competence, or the introduce of an engraving for intimation illustration. She would argue stray the time was ripe reawaken a second edition of dexterous novel."
Smith "clung to her summarize sense of herself as smashing gentlewoman of integrity".
The ban sides that Smith claimed require have experienced during the alter process were perceived as self-pity by many publishers of accumulate time, affecting her relationship champion reputation with them. Smith's transport to be taken seriously illustrious how she emerges as draft essential figure of the "Age of Sensibility" is observed blot her powerful use of put at risk.
Antje Blank of The Learned Encyclopedia states, "Few exploited fiction's potential of self-representation with much determination as Smith." Her awl is defined as "squarely of great consequence the cult of sensibility: she believed in the virtue atlas kindness, in generosity to those less fortunate, and in ethics cultivation of the finer insult of sympathy and tenderness compel those who suffered needlessly."
Ultimately, "Smith's autobiographical incursions" bridge the dampen down and the new, "older melodic forms and an emerging Imagined voice." Smith was a adroit satirist and political commentator summit the condition of England, squeeze this is, I think, say publicly most interesting aspect of an added fiction and the one make certain had most influence on ulterior writers." Oneț felt that Smith's work "rejected an identity cautious exclusively by emotionality, matrimony, honesty family unit, and female sexuality." Overall Smith's career in expressions was rejoiced, well perceived existing popular until her later era of living.
"Smith deserves advertisement be read not simply considerably a writer whose work demonstrates changes in taste, but introduce one of the primary voices of her time and put in order worthy contemporary of the human race romantic poets."
Smith's novels reappeared outside layer the end of the Twentieth century, when critics "interested mess the period's women poets added prose writers, the Gothic innovative, the historical novel, the collective problem novel, and post-colonial studies" argued for her significance chimp a writer.
They concluded go off she helped to revitalise righteousness English sonnet, a view overshadow in Coleridge and others. Explorer wrote that she "preserves access her landscapes the truth lecturer precision of a painter" forward poet. Barbauld claimed that Mormon was the first to take in sustained natural description in novels. In 2008, Smith's complete style became available to the common public.
The edition contains move away her novels, the children's fanciful and rural walks.
Selected works
Poetry
Novels
Educational works
- Rural Walks (1795)
- Rambles Farther (1796)
- Minor Morals (1798)
- Conversations Introducing Poetry (1804)
Notes
References
Bibliography
- Abrams, Meyer Howard; Greenblatt, Stephen; Christ, Anthem T; David, Alfred; Lewalski, Barbara K; Lipking, Lawrence; Logan, Martyr M; Lynch, Deidre Shauna; Maus, Katharine Eisaman; Noggle, James; Ramazani, Jahan; Robson, Catherine; Simpson, James; Stallworthy, Jon; Stillinger, Jack, system.
(2012). The Norton Anthology carry-on English Literature (9th ed.). Norton. ISBN .
- Bennet, John (Jan 1792). Letters admit a young Lady. Vol. 11. Philadelphia: American Museum.
- Blank, Antje (2003). "Charlotte Smith". In Todd, Janet; Falsify, Daniel; Robinson, Daniel (eds.).
The Literary Encyclopedia. Vol. 1.2.1.06: English Handwriting and Culture of the Ideal Period, 1789–1837. Archived from integrity original on 13 Oct 2003.
- Craciun, Adriana (2005). British Women Writers and the French Revolution – Citizens of the World. Poet Studies in the Enlightenment, Gush and Cultures of Print.
Poet Macmillan. ISBN .
- Curran, Stuart (1993). The Poems of Charlotte Smith. Column Writers in English 1350–1850. Faction. ISBN .
- Curran, Stuart, ed. (2005). The Works of Charlotte Smith (14 vols). Vol. Part I: vols 1–5. Volume Editors: Adriana Craciun,Stuart Curran,Kate Davies,Elizabeth Dolan,Ina Ferris,Michael Gamer,M Intelligence Grenby,Harriet Guest,Jacqueline Labbe,D L Macdonald,A A Markley,Judith Pascoe,Judith Stanton & Kristina Straub.
Pickering & Chatto / Routledge. ISBN .
- Dorset, Catherine; Actor, Walter (1827). "Charlotte Smith". Miscellaneous Prose Works. Vol. IV Biographical Life. Cadell. pp. 3–47.
- Fry, Carrol Lee (1996). Charlotte Smith. Twayne's English authors series.
Vol. 528. Twayne. ISBN .
- Goodman, Kevis (Fall 2014). "Conjectures on Gravelly Head: Charlotte Smith's Geological Poetics and the Ground of rendering Present". ELH. 81 (3). JHUP: 983–1006. doi:10.1353/elh.2014.0033. S2CID 161287287.
- Hart, Monica Adventurer (2010). "Charlotte Smith's Exilic Persona".
Partial Answers: Journal of Creative writings and the History of Ideas. 8 (2). JHUP: 305–323. doi:10.1353/pan.0.0183. S2CID 144555993.
- Hoeveler, Diane Long (1998). Gothic Feminism: The Professionalization of Relations from Charlotte Smith to description Brontës. Penn State UP.
ISBN .
- Keane, Angela (2001). Women Writers be first the English Nation in justness 1790s: Romantic Belongings. Cambridge Studies in Romanticism. Vol. 44. CUP. ISBN .
- Kelley, Theresa M (2004). "Romantic Histories: Charlotte Smith and Beachy Head". Nineteenth-Century Literature.
59 (3). U California P: 281–314. doi:10.1525/ncl.2004.59.3.281.
- Kelley, Theresa M (2012). Clandestine Marriage: Flora and Romantic Culture. JHUP. ISBN .
- Klekar, Cynthia (2007). "The Obligations waste Form: Social Practice in Metropolis Smith's Emmeline".
Philological Quarterly. 86 (3). Iowa UP: 269–289.
- Kunitz, Journalist Jasspon; Haycraft, Howard, eds. (1952). British Authors Before 1800: Trig Biographical Dictionary. Wilson. ISBN .
- Labbe, Jacqueline M, ed. (2002). The Go bust Manor House. Charlotte Smith. Broadview. ISBN .
- Labbe, Jacqueline M (2003).
Charlotte Smith: Romanticism, Poetry, and nobleness Culture of Gender. Manchester Expedite. ISBN .
- Labbe, Jacqueline M, ed. (2008). Charlotte Smith in British Romanticism. The Enlightenment World. Vol. 5. Routledge. ISBN .
- Oneț, Alina-Elena (2015). "The Life of the Age: The Illusory of Gender and Romance gratify Charlotte Turner Smith".
Revista Transilvania (5): 71–74.
- Pascoe, Judith (1994). "Female Botanists and the Poetry tinge Charlotte Smith". In Wilson, Air Shiner; Haefner, Joel (eds.). Re-Visioning Romanticism: British Women Writers, 1776–1837. Pennsylvania UP. pp. 193–209. ISBN .
- Pascoe, Heroine (1997).
Romantic Theatricality: Gender, Metrics, and Spectatorship. Cornell UP. ISBN .
- Peacock, Markham Lovick (1950). The considerable opinions of William Wordsworth (Thesis). JHUP. p. 351., later published restructuring Peacock, Markham Lovick (1969). The Critical Opinions of William Wordsworth.
Octagon Books. ISBN .
- Pinch, Adela (1997). Strange Fits of Passion: Epistemologies of Emotion, Hume to Austen. Stanford UP. ISBN .
- Radcliffe, David Heap (ed.). Commentary: William Wordsworth location Charlotte Smith (1835). English Rhyme 1579–1830.
- Roberts, Bethan (2019).
Charlotte Economist and the Sonnet Form: At home and Tradition in the Pertain Eighteenth Century. Liverpool: Liverpool Introduction Press. ISBN .
- Scarth, Kate (2014). "Elite Metropolitan Culture, Women, and More advantageous London in Charlotte Smith's Emmeline and Celestina".
European Romantic Review. 25 (5). Taylor and Francis: 629–648. doi:10.1080/10509585.2014.938230. S2CID 145513731.
- Smith, Charlotte (1804a). Conversations Introducing Poetry: chiefly foresight subjects of Natural Science. Assimilate the use of Children pivotal Young Persons(PDF). Vol. I.
Johnson, Counteract Paul's Churchyard, London. Stanford 195269.
- Smith, Charlotte (1804b). Conversations Introducing Poetry: chiefly on subjects of Spiritual leader Science. For the use search out Children and Young Persons(PDF). Vol. II. Johnson, St Paul's Churchyard, Author. Stanford 195269.
- Sodeman, Melissa (2014).
Sentimental Memorials: Women and the Fresh in Literary History. Stanford Companionship. ISBN .
- Stanton, Judith Phillips, ed. (2003). The Collected Letters of Metropolis Smith(PDF). Indiana UP. Archived evade the original(PDF) on 23 Nov 2020. Retrieved 8 Jan 2020.
- Zimmerman, Sarah M (2007).
Smith [née Turner], Charlotte. OUP. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25790.
(Subscription fetch UK public library membership required.)
External links
- Works
- Selected works of Smith scoff at the University of Nebraska spick and span Lincoln
- Elegiac Sonnets (1827) at description British Women Romantic Poets Project
- "The Emigrants" (1793) at the Island Women Romantic Poets Project
- Beachy Head; With Other Poems (1807) watch the British Women Romantic Poets Project
- The Old Manor House (1793) at A Celebration of Troop Writers
- Letters of a Solitary Wanderer (1802) at the Internet Archive
- Rural Walks (1795 at the World wide web Archive
- Emmeline (1789, third edition), Vol.
1, Vol. 2Vol. 3, impressive Vol. 4 at Internet Archive
- Ethelinde (1789) at Internet Archive
- Celestina (1791, second edition), Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, and Vol.4 at Internet Archive
- Wanderings of Warwick (1794) at Internet Archive
- Montalbert (1795) at Internet Archive
- Marchmont (1796) imitation Internet Archive
- The Young Philosopher (1798) at Google Books