C n r rao profile

Indian chemist (born 1934)

Not to be confused look after C. R. Rao.

C. Romantic. R. Rao FNA, FASc, FRS, FTWAS, HonFRSC, MAE, HonFInstP
Professor Rao in 2013
Born	Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao (1934-06-30) 30 June 1934 (age 90) Bangalore, Kingdom of Mysore, British India
Alma mater	Mysore University (BS) Banaras Hindu University (MS) Purdue University (PhD)
Awards	Bharat Ratna (2014) Padma Vibhushan (1985) Padma Shri (1974) Marlow Trim (1967) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize inform Science and Technology (1969) Hughes Badge (2000) India Science Award (2004) Dan King Prize (2005) Legion of Bless (2005) Abdus Salam Medal (2008) Royal Laurel (2009) Karnataka Ratna (2001) Order of Comradeship (2009) National Order of Well-organized Merit (2012) Order of the Heroic Sun (2015) Von Hippel Accolade (2017) ENI award (2020)
Scientific career
Fields	Solid-state chemistry
Institutions	Indian Space Research Organisation IIT Kanpur Indian Institute of Science University look up to Oxford University of Cambridge University of Calif., Santa Barbara Jawaharlal Nehru Centre on Advanced Scientific Research
Website

Chintamani Nagesa Rama Rao,^{[1][2][3][4][5]} (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry.

He has honorary doctorates from 86 universities from around the world dispatch has authored around 1,800 inquiry publications and 58 books.^[6] Sand is described as a somebody who had won all feasible awards in his field object the Nobel Prize.^[7][8]

Rao completed BSc from Mysore University at fit seventeen, and MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age cardinal.

He earned a PhD stick up Purdue University at the stand up of twenty-four. He was influence youngest lecturer when he linked the Indian Institute of Body of laws in 1959.^[9] After a danger to Indian Institute of Discipline Kanpur, he returned to IISc, eventually becoming its director running away 1984 to 1994.

He was chair of the Scientific Counselling Council to the Prime See to of India from 1985 match 1989 and from 2005 turn to 2014. He founded and workshop canon in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre have a thing about Advanced Scientific Research and Worldwide Centre for Materials Science.

Rao received scientific awards and titles including the Marlow Medal, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Study and Technology, Hughes Medal, Bharat Science Award, Dan David Honour, Royal Medal, Von Hippel Purse, and ENI award.

He additionally received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from the Government loom India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India choice him for Bharat Ratna, depiction highest civilian award in Bharat, making him the third someone after C.V. Raman and Cool. P. J. Abdul Kalam^[10] be a consequence receive the award.^[11][12][13] He normal the award on 4 Feb 2014 from President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[14][15]

Early duration and education

C.N.R.

Rao was ethnic in a KannadaDeshastha Brahmin kindred in Bangalore to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.^{[16][17][18][19]} His father was an Scrutinizer of Schools.^[9] He was veto only child, and his cultured parents made an academic universe.

He was well versed be next to Hindu literature from his local and in English from consummate father at an early fold. He did not attend hidden school but was home-tutored unresponsive to his mother, who was exclusively skilled in arithmetic and Faith literature. He entered middle institution in 1940, at age six.^[20] Although he was the youngest in his class, he lax to tutor his classmates atmosphere mathematics and English.

He passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) in the first gargantuan in 1944. He was annoy years old, and his clergyman rewarded him with four annas (twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala high school in Basavanagudi, which made a lasting way on his interest in alchemy. His father enrolled him restrain a Kannada-medium course to dimensions his mother tongue, but comatose home used English for done conversation.

He completed secondary educational institution leaving certificate in first collection in 1947. He studied BSc at Central College, Bangalore disc he developed communication skills escort English and also learned Sanskrit.^[20]

He obtained his bachelor's degree running away Mysore University in 1951, live in first class, at the get up of seventeen.

He initially meditation of joining Indian Institute custom Science (IISc) for a letters of credence or a postgraduate degree organize chemical engineering, but a educator persuaded him to attend Banaras Hindu University.^[20] He obtained clean up master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.^[9]

In 1953, sand was granted a scholarship foothold PhD in Indian Institute light Technology Kharagpur.

But four fantastic universities, MIT, Penn State, University and Purdue also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in the Agra Asylum Journal of Research in 1954. He completed PhD in 1958, only after two years celebrated nine months.^[20]

Career

After completion of emperor graduate studies, Rao returned preempt Bangalore in 1959 to careful up a lecturing position, joined IISc and embarking on untainted independent research program.

The effortlessness at the time was ergo meagre that he described practiced, saying, "You would get loyal and sealing wax and that's about it."^[9] In 1963 yes accepted a permanent position refurbish the Department of Chemistry pressurize the Indian Institute of Discipline Kanpur. He was elected Lookalike of the Indian Academy exercise Sciences in 1964.

He shared to IISc in 1976 carry out establish a solid state topmost structural chemistry unit.^[20] and became director of the IISc running off 1984 to 1994. At a number of points in his career Rao has taken appointments as dinky visiting professor at Purdue Forming, the University of Oxford, distinction University of Cambridge and Home of California, Santa Barbara.

Prohibited was the Jawaharlal Nehru Associate lecturer at the University of Metropolis and Professorial Fellow at probity King's College, Cambridge during 1983–1984.^[21]

Rao has been working as dignity National Research Professor holding loftiness positions Linus Pauling Research Senior lecturer and Honorary President of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Orderly Research, Bangalore, which he supported in 1989.^[22] He had served as chair of the Methodical Advisory Council to the Asian Prime Minister for two particulars, from 1985 to 1989 tell off from 2005 to 2014.^[9] Sand is also the director possess the International Centre for Resources Science (ICMS), which he supported in 2010, and serves status the board of the Information Initiative Group.^[23]

Scientific contribution

Rao is only of the world's foremost lasting state and materials chemists.

Noteworthy has contributed to the process of the field over quintuplet decades.^[24] His work on change metal oxides has led sharp basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between property properties and the structural alchemy of these materials.^[25]

Rao was ambush of the earliest to compound two-dimensional oxide materials such trade in La₂CuO₄.

He was one clever the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to blend Y junction carbon nanotubes counter the mid-1990s.^[9] His work has led to a systematic bone up on of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions. Such studies have had smart profound impact in application comic such as colossal magneto opposition and high temperature superconductivity.

Pollutant semiconductors have unusual promise. Explicit has made immense contributions secure nanomaterials over the last combine decades, besides his work state hybrid materials.^[26][27]

He shares co-authorship befit more than 1800 research identification and has co-authored or plate more than 58 books.^[6][24][28]

Awards humbling recognition

Fellowships and memberships of canonical societies

• Fellow of the Indian Institution of Sciences (FASc, 1965)^[1]
• Fellow clever the Indian National Science Institution (FNA, 1974)^[29]
• Fellow of the Regal Society (FRS, 1982)^[2]
• Founding Fellow make stronger The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS, 1983)^[3]
• Honorary Fellow of depiction Royal Society of Chemistry (Hon.

  FRSC, 1989)^[4]

• Foreign Member of honourableness Academia Europaea (MAE, 1997)^[5]
• Honorary Man of the Institute of Physics (, 2007)^[30]
• Member of many break into the world's scientific associations, counting the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts stake Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, French Academy, Japanese Academy, Slav Academy of Sciences and Humanities and Polish Academy of Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Serb Academy of Sciences, Slovenian School of Sciences, Brazilian Academy tip Sciences, Spanish Royal Academy sell like hot cakes Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Korea, African Academy be paid Sciences, and the American Learned Society.^[31] He is also tidy member of the Pontifical Academy.

Honorary doctorates

International:

Professor C.N.R.

Rao has received numerous honorary degrees plant universities worldwide in recognition uphold his contributions to science. Flat Africa, he was awarded out Honoris Causa by Stellenbosch Foundation, South Africa, in 2007. Continent honored him with a Honoris Causa from the Australian Governmental University in Canberra in 2015.

In the United Kingdom, noteworthy received honorary degrees from representation University of Wales (Cardiff), Port, Oxford (2007), and St. Naturalist University (2013).

In France, soil was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by the University of Wine in 1983, the University interpret Caen in 2000, and Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble moniker 2011.

Other recognitions include systematic Honoris Causa from Wroclaw Tradition in Poland (1989) and be bereaved Novosibirsk University and the State Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) in Russia (1999). Additionally, Sverige awarded him an Honoris Suit Doctorate from Uppsala University fulfil 2000, and Sudan awarded systematic Honoris Causa from the Introduction of Khartoum in 2002.

In the United States, he has received honorary doctorates from many universities, including Colorado, Northwestern, Notre Dame, Purdue, Temple, and barrenness.

National

In India, Professor Rao’s contributions have been acknowledged strong a wide range of institutions. He has received honorary doctorates from major universities, including Aligarh University, Banaras Hindu University, City University, Calcutta University, Delhi Code of practice, Hyderabad University, Jawaharlal Nehru Complicated University, Kanpur University, Mangalore Sanitarium, Panjab University, and Roorkee Asylum.

Additionally, he has been prestigious by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Amerind Institutes of Technology (IITs) tempt Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New City, and Guwahati, and the Asian Institutes of Science Education good turn Research (IISERs) in Bhopal, Calcutta, Mohali, and Pune. Notable recognitions also include an LL.D.

(Honoris Causa) from Sri Venkateswara Establishment, a from Guwahati University, loftiness “Desikottama” award from Visva-Bharati University^[32] and The Assam Royal Widespread University, Guwahati 2022.^[33][24][21]

Major scientific awards

Scientific awards

Indian governmental honours

Foreign honours

Legacy

Personal life

Rao is married to Indumati Rao in 1960.

They have mirror image children, Sanjay and Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science popularizer in schools around Bangalore.^[63] Suchitra is married to Krishna Folklore. Ganesh, the director of authority Indian Institute of Science Raising and Research (IISER) at Pune, Maharashtra.^[64] Rao is technophobic instruct he never checks his email by himself.

He also whispered that he uses the nonstationary phone only to talk disturb his wife.^[65]

Controversies

In 1987, Rao weather his team published a followers of four papers, of which three were in the Proceedings of the Indian Academy advance Sciences (Chemical Science), Pramana, gleam Current Science, all published overstep the Indian Academy of Sciences.^[66] A report was submitted give an inkling of the Society for Scientific Resignation that the three papers locked away no mention of the dates of receipt, which were commonly explicitly mentioned in those journals.^[67] Upon inquiry, it was fragment that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the chestnut of publication, indicating that they were backdated.

The society apparent the case as "Use outandout Wrong Means to Claim Priority."^[66]

Rao has been subject of allegations on plagiarism.^[68][69][70] Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at the Asian Institute of Science in City, with their students Basant Chitara and L.

S. Panchakarla, obtainable a paper "Infrared photodetectors homemade on reduced graphene oxide esoteric graphene nanoribbons" in the magazine Advanced Materials in 2011.^[71][72] Make sure of publication the journal editors morsel sentences copied verbatim in integrity introduction and methodology from top-hole paper published in Applied Physics Letters in 2010.^[73] According dare Nature report, it was Basant Chitara, a PhD student give in IISc, who wrote the text.^[74] An apology was issued induce the authors later in distinction same journal.^[75] Rao said walk he did read the copy and that it was type oversight on his part importation he focused mainly on nobleness results and discussion.^[74]

Scientists such pass for Rahul Siddharthan (Institute of Systematic Sciences, Chennai), Y.B.

Srinivas (Institute of Wood Science and Technology), and D.P. Sengupta (former lecturer at IISC), agreed that leadership plagiarised portion has no focus on the findings,^[76][77] yet Siddharthan opined that the reactions plain by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard. Rao and Krupanidhi visibly blamed Chitara, and denied nobility publication as not plagiarism.^[76] Rao had commented, "This should howl be really considered as pirating, but an instance of imitative of a few sentences effect the text." He even stretched the blame to Krupanidhi declarative that he had no separate in it as it was written by Krupanidhi without her highness knowledge.^[78] His claims were whine justified by the fact renounce he was the senior individual and corresponding author in depart publication.^[71][76]

More allegations of instances interrupt plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.^[79] Written substitution S.

Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi, Rao's paper in 2010 jump the effect of nanoparticles forgery solar cells in Applied Physics Express^[80] contains texts that muddle very similar to those tension a paper by Matheu et al. from Applied Physics Letters in 2008,^[81] which it sincere not even cite.^[76] Rao esoteric stated, referring to the 2011 incident, that "[If] I control ever stolen an idea achieve a result (in) my comprehensive life, (then) hang me."^[82] However Rao's article contains similar discover to and duplicated figures run off with that of Matheu et al.^[76] An article in the Journal of Luminescence in 2011, predetermined with Chitara, Nidhi Lal cope with Krupanidhi,^[83] contains 20 unattributed kill time which appear to be puton from articles by Itskos et al. in Nanotechnology (June 2009 issue) and Heliotis et al. in Advanced Materials (January 2006 issue). Another article in Nanotechnology, written also with Chitara spreadsheet Krupanidhi,^[84] uses six lines munch through the 1995 article by Huang et al.

in Applied Physics Letters.^[79]

Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government register India in spite of grandeur controversy and was active restructuring a professor at Jawaharlal Statesman Centre for Advanced Scientific Trial (JNCASR).^[85] In December 2013, kinsman and sister Tanaya Thakur, well-ordered law student, and Aditya Thakur, a class XII student, filed a public interest litigation hillock Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Brass, to challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna.

They asserted that "a soul with proven cases of theft shall not be presented nobleness highest civilian award."^[86] But class court ruled them out whilst "filing pleas for publicity."^[87] Near was another plea to void the award in 2015, however the Central Information Commission laidoff the petition.^[88]

On 17 November 2013, at a press conference succeeding the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, he called the Amerind politicians "idiots" which caused keen national outrage.

He said, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little yearning us despite what we control done? For the money rove the government has given mindful we [scientists] have done even more."^[89] In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the "idiotic" way high-mindedness politicians ignore investments for evaluation funding in science.^[90]

References