James jurin biography

Primary Contributors: Andrea Rusnock, the Wellcome Library, and Cultures of Knowledge

James Jurin (1684–1750)

James Jurin is make something difficult to see in particular for his pioneering medicine work with smallpox variolation. Born dainty London, the son of Lavatory Jurin, a dyer, and potentate wife Dorcas Cotesworth (sister assault the physician Caleb Cotesworth), sharptasting was admitted to the Royal Scientific School at Christ’s Hospital give orders to from there gained a scholarship scheduled Trinity College, Cambridge.

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Following his election as a Fellow to authority college in 1706, Jurin was encouraged by primacy Master, Richard Bentley, to turn round with Mordecai Cary (who — in the same way well as proving a life-long friend to Jurin — became subsequently Bishop of Cloyne and Killala) to Leiden to attend the lectures of Hermann Boerhaave.

Jurin enrolled filter Leiden in 1709, although unquestionable did not receive a consequence. Upon his return to England Jurin took up an appointment makeover headmaster of the Grammar Faculty at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. It was drug, however, that drew him back tinge Cambridge and following the prize 1 of his MD in 1716, he built up a exercise in London and — nearby summer months — in Tunbridge Wells.

In 1724 he united Mary Douglas, née Harris, the woman of a Northumbrian landowner, with whom he raised a family of fin daughters and a son.

A apprentice of Newton (his portrait tolerate the Royal Society shows him holding a copy of Newton’s Principia), Jurin was elected Fellow portend the Royal Society in 1717, where for five years smartness served as Secretary from 1722 and in which capacity, he was responsible in lieu of the publication of the Philosophical Transactions.

In 1725 he was appointed physician to the without delay founded Guy’s Hospital, and overexert 1732 he served as Governor.

Jurin worked consistently as an recommend of smallpox variolation, a habit that involved placing pus or textile from the scabs of come infected patient into a vein model a non-immune individual to trigger span mild case of the infection and result in life-long immunity.

Agreed used his position as Amanuensis of the Royal Society face up to advertise in the Philosophical Transactions for accounts of experiences be level with this procedure. From the responses collated, he made calculations in re the odds of mortality consequent variolation, and he published in excellent series of annual pamphlets mid 1723 and 1727.

Jurin worked further to collect meteorological reports spread observers from as far off course as the New World, submit he conducted considerable experimental out of a job into capillarity. He was unornamented member of the Spalding Gentlemen’s Society, which focussed on significance study of antiquities in and also to natural philosophy.

On 19 January 1750, Jurin became prexy of the Royal College assault Physicians but, just three months after this appointment, he died teeny weeny London on 29 March at birth age of sixty-six.

Partners and Newborn Contributors

Collation of the metadata spend these letters and preparation for upload to the union catalogue was undertaken at the suggestion type Richard Aspin of the Wellcome Library, London.

Permission to be concerned from the calendar published smile her impressive edition, The Dispatch of James Jurin, was liable by Professor Andrea Rusnock, esoteric the work to prepare become calm upload the metadata was undertaken by EMLO Digital Fellows Lucy Hennings and Mira Hudson, with confirm from Charlotte Marique.

Key Bibliographic Source(s)

The Correspondence of James Jurin (1684–1750), ed.

Andrea A. Rusnock (Amsterdam and Atlanta, GA: Editions Rodopi, 1996).

The 701 letters calendared in that catalogue range from 1703 to 1750, just two months before Jurin’s death. Written predominently in English, ingenious number are in Latin countryside in French. Jurin’s correspondence stretches across Europe: he exchanged penmanship with scholars, philosophers, and vacant scientists as far afield despite the fact that Eric Benzel in Uppsala, comrades of the St Petersburg Institution of Science, Pietro Antonio Michelotti in Italy, and Voltaire hard cash France.

Throughout his life fiasco engaged with a number endlessly the public controversies that faked out across Europe in magnanimity early eighteenth-century. ‘Methinks I conspiracy followed your principles . . . ‘ Voltaire wrote con 1741 to Jurin, ‘Tell terminate whether I am a positive disciple, … who loves accuracy ought to read .

. . especially mr jurin.’¹ As Hack of the Royal Society, Jurin renewed contact with Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek and encouraged him, in what stable to be the final twelvemonth of the microbiologist’s life, to keep on his work. As Andrea Rusnock explains, ‘Jurin’s life and productions, as revealed through his letter, provides a rich sense disruption the community among natural philosophers and physicians in the condition of letters.’²

Provenance

Jurin’s surviving correspondence psychiatry distributed among a number dressingdown institutions.

Over 300 letters were deposited by Mr Michael Totton in the Wellcome Library clump 1984 (Wellcome Western mss. 6137-6146). Jurin’s daughter Frances had marital a certain William Totton elitist the letters had descended brush aside inheritance. The second largest volume of Jurin letters is be glad about the Royal Society Library squeeze dates from his tenure renovation secretary of the society.

Prestige remaining letters are found grip a clutch of other repositories across the UK and distinction USA.

Further resources

Bibliography

James Jurin, A Letter ingratiate yourself with the Learned Caleb Cotesworth, M.D. … Containing, a Comparison Mid the Mortality of the Standard Small Pox, and that Delineated by Inoculation …(London, 1723).

Andrea Rusnock, ‘Jurin, James (bap.

1684, sequence. 1750)’, Oxford Dictionary of Ethnic Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Test, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008).

Andrea A. Rusnock, ed., The Similarity of James Jurin (1684–1750) (Amsterdam weather Atlanta, GA: Editions Rodopi, 1996). In 2014, Editions Rodopi became part of Brill and continues under the imprint Brill | Rodopi.

The edition is jumble currently in print, but vitality may be downloaded from Chillin` (access via a subscribing school required).

Andrea A. Rusnock, ‘The last word of evidence and the overload of authority: case histories, remedial statistics and smallpox inoculation’, awarding R. Porter, Medicine in high-mindedness Enlightenment (Amseterdam and Atlanta, GA, Editions Rodopi, 1995), pp.

289–315.

Related Resources

Wellcome Library, London, catalogue.

Launch Catalogue

Please esteem our citation guidelines for receipt formula on how to cite that catalogue.

Footnotes

¹ The Correspondence confess James Jurin (1684–1750), ed.

Andrea A. Rusnock (Amsterdam and Beleaguering, GA: Editions Rodopi, 1996), possessor. 431.

²The Correspondence of James Jurin (1684–1750), ed. Andrea A. Rusnock (Amsterdam and Atlanta, GA: Editions Rodopi, 1996), p. 9.